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Are 3D mammograms better than standard imaging? A diverse study aims to find out_我的网站

一 |     Are 3D mammograms better than standard 2D imaging for catching advanced cancers?A clinical trial is recruiting thousands of volunteers — including a large number of Black women who face disparities in breast cancer death rates — to try to find out.People like Carole Stovall, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., have signed up for the study to help answer the question.“We all need a mammogram anyway, so why not do it with a study that allows the scientists to understand more and move closer to finding better treatments and ways of maybe even preventing it?” Stovall said.The underrepresentation of women and minorities in research is a long-simmering issue affecting health problems including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and COVID-19. Trials without diversity lead to gaps in understanding of how new treatments work for all people. “Until we get more Black women into clinical trials, we can’t change the science. And we need better science for Black bodies,” said Ricki Fairley, a breast cancer survivor and advocate who is working on the issue.Black women are 40% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women and tend to be diagnosed younger. But it’s not clear whether 3D mammography is better for them, said Dr. Worta McCaskill-Stevens of the National Cancer Institute.“Are there populations for whom this might be important to have early diagnosis?" asked McCaskill-Stevens. "Or is it harmful,” causing too many false alarms or unneeded follow-up tests and treatments?McCaskill-Stevens, who is Black, leads NCI’s efforts to boost access to cancer research in minority and rural communities. She has joined the study herself.The newer 3D technique has been around for a decade, but there’s never been conclusive evidence that it's better than 2D at detecting advanced cancers. The screening technique combines multiple pictures of the breast taken from different angles to create a 3D-like image. Both 3D and 2D mammograms compress the breast and use low doses of radiation.Prior studies suggest that 3D finds more cancers than 2D, but catching more cancers doesn’t necessarily mean more lives saved. Some cancers missed by standard screening may not progress or need treatment. Previous studies did not randomly assign patients to a screening method, the gold standard for research.The notion “that if it’s new, it’s shiny, then it’s better,” isn’t necessarily true, McCaskill-Stevens said. “Until we have the evidence to support that, then we need well-designed randomized trials.”The trial has enrolled nearly 93,000 women so far with a goal of 128,000. The NCI-funded study is now running in Canada, South Korea, Peru, Argentina, Italy and 32 U.S. states. A site in Thailand will soon begin enrolling patients.“We added more international sites to enhance the trial’s diversity, particularly for Hispanic and Asian women,” said Dr. Etta Pisano, who leads the study. Overall, 42% of participants are Hispanic. As recruiting continues, enrolling Black women and other women of color will “absolutely” continue as a priority, Pisano said.Participants are randomly assigned to either 2D or 3D mammograms and are followed for several years. The number of advanced cancers detected by the two methods will be compared.At the U.S. study sites, 21% of study participants are Black women — that's higher than a typical cancer treatment study, in which 9% of participants are Black, McCaskill-Stevens said.The University of North Carolina has signed up more Black women than any other study site. Nearly a quarter of the nearly 3,000 women enrolled at UNC’s two locations are Black.“Women in North Carolina want to take part in something that’s bigger than them,” said Dr. Cherie Kuzmiak, who leads the UNC arm of the study. “They want this active role in helping determine the future of health care for women.”In Washington, D.C., word of mouth has led to successful recruiting. A chance encounter at her hair salon persuaded Stovall to join the research. While waiting for a hair appointment, she met Georgetown University cancer researcher Lucile Adams-Campbell. The two, both Black, started chatting.“She explained how important it was to get women of color into the program,” said Stovall, who jumped at the chance to catch up on her mammograms after the COVID-19 pandemic delayed screening for her and thousands of others.For Stovall, there was a personal reason to join the research. Her sister recently completed treatment for triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive type that affects Black women at higher rates than white women. Women ages 45 to 74 without a personal history of breast cancer are eligible for the study, which launched in 2017. Many women also are providing blood and cheek swab samples for a database that will be mined for insights.“It’s a dream that people had since the beginning of screening that we wouldn’t fit everybody into the same box,” Pisano said. The study's findings could “reduce disparities if we’re successful, assuming people have access to care.”Stovall, 72, had a brief scare when her mammogram, the traditional 2D type, showed something suspicious. A biopsy ruled out cancer.“I was extremely relieved,” Stovall said. “Everybody I know has heard from me about the need for them to go get a mammogram.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。      7月末社融存量、M2增速均高于名义GDP增速  货币政策保持支持性立场 央行有望推出更多增量政策  中国人民银行日前发布的《2026年7月金融统计数据报告》显示，7月末，社会融资规模存量、广义货币（M2）增速均明显高于上半年名义GDP增速，社会融资条件处在比较宽松的状态，货币政策延续支持性立场。

二 | 业内专家普遍认为，货币政策有望在总量和结构性工具方面协同发力，推出更多增量政策，为经济稳中向好提供更有力支撑。  具体来看，7月末，社会融资规模存量达到463.27万亿元，同比增长7.4%，其中企业债券余额36.47万亿元，同比增长9.2%，政府债券余额102.68万亿元，同比增长14.1%。M2余额355.51万亿元，同比增长7.7%。月末人民币贷款余额282.29万亿元，同比增长5.1%。

三 |   “在企业债券融资、政府债券融资等分项同比多增带动下，7月社融时隔4个月再度恢复同比多增，支撑月末社融存量同比增速与上月末持平，结束了此前连续4个月的下行过程。总体来看，当前M2、存量社融增速显著高于上半年名义GDP增速，表明当前社会融资条件处在较为宽松的状态，货币政策保持支持性立场。”东方金诚首席宏观分析师王青表示。  不过业内专家也提到，主要受企业融资需求减弱、居民部门持续降杠杆等因素影响，7月人民币贷款继续处于“降速提质”过程。  “目前贷款利率呈现下行趋势，说明在供求关系作用下，贷款投放已经比较充分。贷款增速下降，与企业等经营主体融资方式变化有一定关系，在存量社会融资规模中，债券融资增速明显较高。社会融资规模全面反映了实体经济从金融部门获得的融资支持，其增速稳定说明金融对实体经济的支持是足够的。”中国邮政储蓄银行研究员娄飞鹏说。

四 |   王青认为，总体上看，7月新增信贷总量依然偏弱，贷款“降速提质”正在成为新常态。从结构上看，当前银行体系正顺应经济转型趋势，优化信贷投向。

五 | 数据显示，7月末普惠小微等金融“五篇大文章”贷款增速明显高于全部贷款增速，当月新发放贷款加权平均利率降至历史低位，当前信贷投放结构优化，服务实体经济质效提升。  面对国内外经济金融形势的新变化，业内人士认为，央行有望推出更多增量措施。  央行日前发布的《2026年第二季度中国货币政策执行报告》（以下简称《报告》）提出，下阶段，将充分发挥各项存量政策效能，及时谋划出台务实管用的增量政策，加大逆周期调节力度，加力扩大内需、优化供给，推动经济持续向新向优向好发展。  同时，《报告》还要求发挥好货币政策工具总量和结构双重功能，落实好年初出台的一系列货币金融政策，不断完善工具设计和管理，扎实做好金融“五篇大文章”，加强对扩大内需、科技创新、中小微企业等重点领域的金融支持。  南开大学金融学教授田利辉认为，结合二季度货币政策执行报告的表态，预计央行政策重心将更多转向盘活存量、创新结构性工具以及配合财政发力。

六 |   “预计结构性货币政策工具将继续降价、增量、扩围，加大对科技融资、普惠金融的定向支持力度，推动新旧动能转换，提升金融服务实体经济质效。综合考虑经济运行态势及物价走势，预计三季度末前后以上增量政策有可能落地。值得注意的是，下半年政府债券发行会明显提速，8000亿元新型政策性金融工具将加快推进。这会带动政府债券融资恢复同比多增，并拉动配套贷款投放。

七 | 由此，下半年社融有望恢复同比多增。”王青说。（记者 袁小康）。

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